Objective To investigate the clinical effect of human adipose tissue and synovial mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.Methods A total of 30 patients admitted in our hospital from January to November in 2018 were selected as the research objects.They were divided into adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) group (10 cases), synovial-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SDMSCs) group (10 cases), and combined treatment group (10 cases) according to different treatment methods.Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were injected into the articular cavity.The SDMSCs group was injected with autologous synovial mesenchymal stem cells.The combination group used the above two types of mesenchymal stem cells combined therapy.The visual pain scale (VAS) score,knee joint score, osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) score, treatment effect, and postoperative complications were compared between the three groups of patients.Results There were no significant differences in the VAS scores and knee scores of the three groups before treatment (P＞0.05);the VAS scores of the three groups after treatment were lower than before treatment, and the knee scores were higher than before treatment, the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05);after treatment, the VAS score of the combined group was lower than that of the ADMSCs group and SDMSCs group,and the knee score was higher than that of the ADMSCs group and SDMSCs group, the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05);after treatment, there were no significant differences in the scores of VAS and knee joints in ADMSCs group and SDMSCs group (P＞0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the WOMAC score before injection among the three groups (P＞0.05);the WOMAC scores at 6 and 12 months after injection in the three groups were lower than before injection, and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05);the combination 6 and 12 months after injection, the WOMAC scores were lower than that in the ADMSCs group and SDMSCs group, the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05) , but there was no significant difference in the WOMAC scores between the ADMSCs group and the SDMSCs group after treatment (P＞0.05).The total incidence of complications in the combined group was lower than that in the ADMSCs group and the SDMSCs group, and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Compared with the total incidence of complications in the ADMSCs group and the SDMSCs group, the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05).The rate of excellence in the combined group was lower than that in the ADMSCs group and the SDMSCs group,and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Compared with the rate of excellence in the ADMSCs group and the SDMSCs group, the difference was not statistically significant (P＞0.05).Conclusion The use of autologous ADMSCs combined with SDMSCs can promote the improvement of knee function, relieve pain and improve the efficacy of knee osteoarthritis patients.