Objective To investigate the effect of sputum aspiration through fiberbronchoscope combined with alveolar lavage in the treatment of aspiration pneumonia and its influence on lung function.Methods A total of 80 patients with aspiration pneumonia admitted to Yifu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from March 2017 to June 2020 were selected as the research objects.According to the principle of random drawing,they were divided into the observation group(40 cases)and the control group(40 cases).The control group was treated with conventional treatment,and the observation group was treated with sputum aspiration through fiberbronchoscope combined with alveolar lavage.The improvement of symptom,total effective rate,total incidence of adverse reactions and pulmonary function indexes were compared between the two groups.Results The temperature recovery time,rales disappearance time,cough disappearance time,antibiotic use time,erythrocyte sedimentation rate recovery time and hospital stay in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The total effective rate of observation group was higher than that of control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The total incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was lower than that in the control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05).The forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1),forced vital capacity(FVC)and peak expiratory flow(PEF)in the observation group after treatment were higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The effect of sputum aspiration through fiberbronchoscope combined with alveolar lavage in the treatment of aspiration pneumonia is very significant,without increasing obvious adverse reactions,which can improve the lung function index of patients.