Objective To investigate the influence of target-directed fluid therapy during anesthesia on the rapid recovery of elderly patients after gastrointestinal surgery.Methods From September 2017 to September 2019, 80 elderly patients in our hospital who needed to be hospitalized for gastrointestinal surgery were selected as the research subjects.They were divided into the conventional liquid treatment groups (40 cases) and the target-directed liquid therapy group (40 cases) according to the random number table method.The conventional liquid-treated group took conventional liquid therapy, and the target-directed liquid therapy group took target-directed liquid therapy during anesthesia.The anesthesia excellent rate, average extubation time, intraoperative infusion volume, average hospitalization time, average heart rate and average arterial pressuree of elderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery during anesthesia,postoperative complications were compared between the two groups.Results The excellent and good rate of the goal-directed liquid treatment group was higher than that of the conventional liquid treatment group, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The heart rate and mean arterial pressure of the target-directed fluid treatment group were lower than those of the conventional fluid treatment group, and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).The average extubation time and average hospitalization time in the goal-directed fluid treatment group were shorter than those in the conventional fluid treatment group, and the amount of infusion during the operation in the goal-directed fluid treatment group was less than that in the conventional fluid treatment group, and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).The total incidence of complications in the target-directed fluid treatment group was lower than that in the conventional fluid treatment group, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Target-directed fluid therapy during anesthesia has a good effect on the rapid recovery of elderly patients after gastrointestinal surgery, and the effect is accurate, and it also plays an important role in maintaining the hemodynamic stability of the elderly patients, improving the cerebral oxygen supply of the elderly patients and reducing the incidence of postoperative complications.