Objective To explore the effect of Edaravone therapy on cognitive function and inflammatory factors in elderly patients with vascular dementia.Methods Retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 70 elderly patients with vascular dementia admitted to the Fourth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital from August 2017 to August 2019 were selected as the research object and divided into the test group and the control group according to different treatment methods,with 35 cases in each group.The control group was treated with Memantine Hydrochloride Tablets,and the test group was given Edaravone on the basis of the control group.Both groups treated for 6 weeks.The differences of cognitive function,daily life ability,inflammatory state,total effective rate of treatment and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results After treatment,the mini-mental state examination (MMSE)scores in both groups were higher than those before treatment,the test group MMSE score was higher than that of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).After treatment,the activity of daily living(ADL)scores in both groups were lower than those before treatment,the test group ADL score was lower than that of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and α tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in the test group were lower than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).The total effective rate of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).No obvious adverse reactions occurred during the treatment period in both groups.Conclusion Edaravone has a significant protective effect on the cognitive function of elderly patients with vascular dementia.It has definite therapeutic effect and high safety,which is suitable for clinical application.