Objective To explore the application effect of non-invasive high frequency oscillation ventilation(NHFOV)in preventing neonatal extubation failure.Methods A total of 60 newborns who were admitted to Jiangxi Provincial Children′s Hospital from June 2017 to June 2020 who needed non-invasive assisted ventilation after tracheal intubation were selected as the research subjects.According to the random number table method,they were divided into the control group(n=30)and the observation group(n=30).The experimental group used NHFOV,and the control group used nasal continuous positive airway pressure(NCPAP)ventilation.The number of days of noninvasive ventilator use,days of oxygen inhalation,hospital stay were compared between the two groups.The changes of partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO2)and partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2)/concentration of inhaled oxygen(FiO2)were observed at different time after weaning between the two groups.The incidence of complications,adverse events and failure rate of extubation were recorded between the two groups.Results The number of days of non-invasive ventilator use,days of oxygen inhalation,and hospital stay in the experimental group were shorter than those in the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).There were no statistical differences in the levels of PaCO2 and PaO2/FiO2 index between the two groups before treatment(P＞0.05).There were no statistical differences in the levels of PaCO2 and PaO2/FiO2 index of children between the two groups at 72 h after weaning(P＞0.05).The indexes of PaCO2 and PaO2/FiO2 of the experimental group at 24 h and 48 h after weaning were higher than those of the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The indexes of PaO2,PaO2/FiO2 at 72 h after treatment in the two groups were different from those before treatment,the differences were statistically significant(P ＜0.05).The total incidence of complications,adverse events,and failure rates of extubation in the experimental group were lower than those of in the control group,with statistical significances(P＜0.05).Conclusion The application of NHFOV can prevent the failure of neonatal extubation,improve the oxygen supply of children,and reduce the incidence of complications and adverse events,which is worthy of promotion.