ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of Penehyclidine Hydrochloride on cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients after general anesthesia in department of orthopedics.MethodsFrom April 2015 to August 2016,144 cases of elderly general anesthesia patients in department of orthopedics in our hospital were selected and divided into group A,group B,group C according to different treatment methods,each group had 48 cases.Group A receivedintramuscular injection of Penehyclidine Hydrochloride 1.0 mg at 30 min before operation,group B received intramuscular injection of Atropine 0.5 mg,group C were not treated with any prior medication.The MMSE score and the incidence rate of POCD at preoperative 1 day and postoperative 1 day,3 days were compared between the three groups.ResultsThe MMSE scores of the three groups at preoperative 1 day were lower than that of at the postoperatively 1 day,3 days,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The MMSE score of group A at postoperative 1 day,3 days were significantly lower than those in group B and group C,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The incidence rate of POCD in group A was lower than that group B and group C,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).ConclusionPenehyclidine Hydrochloride should be used for elderly patients with general anesthesia in department of orthopedics can reduce the incidence of patients with POCD,and which has a related influence on the postoperative cognitive function of the patients,it should be paid attention to.