Abstract： Programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) constitutes the major negative immune regulatory system in the human body.The combination of the two can prevent T cell from activating and inhibit it from producing cytokines which cause tumor escape.PD-1/PD-L1 plays an important role in the occurrence and development of multiple diseases.It has become a new research direction of immunotherapy by using PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors to strengthen immune activity to cure diseases.The paper mainly reviews the specific mechanism of PD-1/PD-L1 action, the effect of PD-1/PD-L1 in development of infectious diseases and tumor immune escape, together with the application of PD-1/PD-L1 in clinical practice.
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