Objective To investigate the effect of radical incision and drainage in the treatment of perianal abscess and the prognosis and rehabilitation.Methods From January 2017 to June 2020, 90 patients with perianal abscess admitted to the First People′s Hospital of Nankang District in Ganzhou City were selected.According to the principle of voluntary allocation, 45 patients in the control group received simple incision and drainage, and 45 patients in the study group received radical incision and drainage.The treatment effect, prognostic rehabilitation indexes, incidence of complications and recurrence of the two groups were compared.Results The total effective rate of treatment in the study group (95.56%) was higher than that in the control group (80.00%), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=11.286, P＜0.05).The postoperative infection control time and hospital stay of the study group were shorter than those of the control group, and the postoperative pain score was lower than that of the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).The total incidence of postoperative complications and recurrence rate in the study group were 4.44% and 4.44%, respectively, which were lower than 20.00% and 24.44% in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (χ2=11.286, 16.188, P＜0.05).Conclusion The radical incision and drainage treatment program for patients with perianal abscess has a significant effect and good prognostic rehabilitation indicators, which is beneficial to the early recovery of the patients′ condition and is worthy of promotion and application.