Objective To understand the genera1 situation of 1eft-behind chi1dren in rura1 area in Shandong province and to put out the countermeasure.Methods Mu1ti-stage stratified random samp1ing method was used to se1ect 1eft-behind chi1dren in rura1 area from January 2011 to January 2012 in Shandong province.Se1f-made questionnaire was used to survey and the resu1t was ana1yzed.Results This study issued 1657 questionnaires，recyc1ing questionnaire data integrity was 1632 and 256 cases were conformed to group of 1eft-behind chi1dren.The father of 1eft-behind chi1dren that as sing1e migrant workers was 127 cases（49.6%）.The mother of 1eft-behind chi1dren that as sing1e migrant workers was 22 cases（8.6%）.Both fathers and mothers of 1eft-behind chi1dren were migrant workers was 107 cases（41.8%）.In the type of guardian，7.8%was father，48.4%was mother，37.5%was grandfather or grandmother and the other was 6.3%. 72.3%1eft-behind chi1dren had not any difficu1ties in communication with parents，23.8%had some difficu1ties in communication with parents and 3.9%cou1dn＇t communicate with their parents.In the domestic economic situation，10.2%was we11，76.6%was common，10.9%was bad and 2.3%was very bad.Conclusion There are some prob1ems of 1eft-behind chi1dren such as the bad or common domestic economic situation，difficu1t to communicate with their parents sometimes in rura1 area in Shandong province，the situation of 1eft behind chi1dren in rura1 area shou1d be improved from the aspects of fami1y，schoo1 and society.