Abstract：Objective To explore the relationship between hypothyroidism and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), to analyze and understand the possible influence of thyroid hormone (TH) on blood glucose levels during pregnancy, and to analyze whether blood glucose will advance hypothyroidism. Methods A total of 664 pregnant women who underwent routine obstetrics at the No. 4 People′s Hospital of Zhanjiang from November 2019 to November 2020 were selected as the research subjects. According to the results of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and thyroid function, 232 patients with GDM and hypothyroidism were selected as group A, 224 pregnant women with simple GDM were selected as group B, and 208 pregnant women with simple hypothyroidism were selected as group C. All pregnant women were tested for related thyroid function: free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb) positive rate and anti-thyroid peroxidase autoantibody (TPOAb) positive rate. Blood glucose indicators such as fasting blood glucose (FPG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), OGTT 1 h, and OGTT 2 h were measured. Blood lipid indicators including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) were determined. The levels and differences of related thyroid and blood lipid indicators between group A and C were observed and compared. The levels and differences of related thyroid and blood lipid indicators between group A and B were observed and compared. The correlation between related thyroid function indicators and blood glucose indicators in group C and correlation between related thyroid function indicators and blood glucose indicators in group A were explored. Results The levels of FT4, FT3, and HDL in group A were lower than those in group Cwith statistical significance (P<0.05). The TG level in group A was higher than that in group C, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The HbA1c, TSH, TC, and LDL levels and TPOAb and TGAb positive rates of group A were higher than those of group B with statistical significance(P<0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that there was a negative correlation between OGTT 2 h blood glucose level and FT4 in group C, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between TSH and FBG in group A, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion During pregnancy, hypothyroidism will significantly increase the pregnant women′s FBG, OGTT 1 h, and OGTT 2 h levels, and also induce abnormal lipid metabolism. GDM will further aggravate the abnormal thyroid function of pregnant women, and the two will interact with each other.
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