Holmium laser lithotripsy has been widely used in the treatment of biliary calculi.Compared with traditional surgical methods,holmium laser lithotripsy has obvious advantages such as simple operation,accurate lithotripsy,safe and effective,small trauma and rapid recovery,which can effectively shorten the operation time,reduce the intraoperative blood loss,reduce the postoperative residual stone rate and postoperative complications.The author reviewed the theoretical knowledge,equipment preparation,technical operation specification and complications treatment of clinical application of holmium laser in the treatment of bile duct stones,so as to popularize and standardize the use of the technology in order to maximize the benefit to patients and provide reference for subsequent research.