[Abstract]Objective To observe the incidence of anxiety and depression in patients with maintenance hemodialysis(MHD) and the relationship between anxiety and depression and the changes of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1),interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP).Methods A total of 85 patients with MHD who were treated in the blood purification center of Xiangya Hospital Central South University from June 2019 to April 2020 were selected as the research subjects.Self-rating depression scale (SDS) and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS)were used to evaluate their psychological status,and they were divided into non-anxiety group and anxiety group,nondepression and depression group according to the results.The levels of IL-1,IL-6 and CRP in patients with different anxiety and depression were compared.Results In 85 MHD patients,the incidence of anxiety and depression were 41.1% and 68.2%.IL-1,IL-6 and CRP in the anxiety group were higher than those in the non-anxiety group,the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).IL-1,IL-6 and CRP in the depression group were higher than those in the non-depression group,the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion The incidence of anxiety and depression is higher in MHD patients with maintenance hemodialysis,which is related to the expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-1,IL-6 and CRP.