Objective To observe the effect of percutaneous nephroscope surgery on patients with ureteral calculi and the effect on renal function and complications.Methods A total of 60 patients with ureteral calculi who were admitted to the Fifth People′s Hospital of Liaoyang City from January 2019 to January 2020 were selected as the research subjects.They were randomly divided into control group (30 cases) and intervention group (30 cases).The control group adopted ureteroscopic surgery for stone removal for treatment,the intervention group was treated with percutaneous nephroscope surgery.The stone removal rates,operation status,renal function and complications of the two groups were compared.Results The stone clearance rate of the intervention group was higher than that of the control group,the operation time was shorter than that of the control group,the intraoperative blood loss was more than that of the control group,and the hospital stay was longer than that of the control group,the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).The levels of creatinine (Cr),glomerular filtration rate (GFR),cystatin C (Cys-C),blood urea nitrogen (BUN),and lipocalin (NGAL) in the two groups after surgery were lower than those before surgery,the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).The levels of Cr and NGAL after surgery in the two groups were lower than those before surgery,while the levels of GFR,Cys-C and BUN were higher than those before surgery,the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).The level of Cys-C in intervention group was lower than that in the control group,and the level of NGAL in intervention group was higher than that in the control group,the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).The total incidence of complication in that intervention group was lower than that in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Percutaneous nephroscope surgery is effective in treating patients with ureteral calculi,which can effectively remove calculi,improve renal function,and reduce complications.It is worthy of popularization and application.