Objective To investigate the effectiveness and safety of Docetaxel combined with Anlotinib in the secondline treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), in order to improve the quality of life of patients.Methods A total of 48 cases of NSCLC patients admitted to Jiangxi Chest Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 were selected as the research objects.According to the random number table method, they were divided into the experimental group and the control group, with 24 cases in each group.The experimental group was treated with oral Anlotinib Hydrochloride combined with Docetaxel chemotherapy, and the control group was treated with Docetaxel chemotherapy.Both groups were treated for 3 months.The disease control rate (DCR), progress free survive (PFS) and the incidence of side effect during treatment were compared between the two groups.Results After 3 months of treatment, the DCR of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05); followed up for 6 months, the PFS in the experimental group was longer than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05); the incidence of hand-foot syndrome, proteinuria, and liver and kidney damage in the experimental group was higher than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Docetaxel combined with Anlotinib in second-line treatment of advanced NSCLC can effectively control the progression of the disease, and the toxic and side effect of combination treatment are increased compared with simple docetaxel chemotherapy, but the toxic and side effect are all controllable after intervention.