ObjectiveTo investigate the level of serum ferritin (SF)and its clinical significance in newly diagnosed aplastic anemia(AA)and other disorders with pancytopenia.MethodsFrom January 2010 to February 2016,340 patients with pancytopenia treated in our hospital were divided into AA group(176 cases),MDS group(56 cases),leukemia group (57 cases),immune disorders group(36 cases)and megaloblastic anemia group(15 cases)based on their diagnoses.Control group including 30 healthy people received：health examination in our hospital.Serum ferritin level determined by chemiluminescence as well as complete blood count were tested among the patients and control group.ResultsSF level of newly diagnosed AA patients was(536.32±345.29)μg/L,and it was higher than that of control group and immune disorders group and megaloblastic anemia group,but it was lower than that of leukemia group and MDS group.All the differences are statistically significant(P<0.05).In AA group,the patients that older than 60,male patients and sever aplastic anemia (SAA)patients had a higher level of SF.White blood cell count and platelet count were negatively correlated with SF level(r=-0.171,P<0.05;r=-0.156,P<0.05).Iron overload was diagnosed in 13%newly diagnosed AA patients,male and age>60 years old were the risk factors of iron overload （P<0.05）.ConclusionSF level of newly diagnosed AA patients is higher than healthy people,and it is lower than patients with leukemia and MDS.SF level has a certain clinical significance to the differential diagnosis of the disorders with pancytopenia.