洛赛克联合思他宁治疗上消化道出血的效果及不良反应观察
翁燕丽 符红波 周燕琼 林少梅 吴少霞
汕头大学医学院第二附属医院药学部,广东汕头 515041
[摘要]目的探讨在评价洛赛克联合思他宁对于上消化道出血的临床效果和安全性。方法2011年1月~2017年1月,我院消化内科100例上消化道出血患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各50例。观察组采用洛赛克联合思他宁治疗;对照组采用洛赛克治疗。同时,两组患者均接受禁食、补液以及止血剂等常规保守治疗。记录和比较两组患者的的住院时间、住院费用、输血量、急诊手术率、3个月未愈率以及不良反应的发生率。结果观察组的住院时间明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义[(6.78±0.74)d vs.(9.62 ±1.26)d](P<0.01);观察组的住院费用明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义[(14361.64±3033.71)元 vs.(18225.80±7249.82)元](P<0.01);观察组的输血量明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义[(2.43±1.55)U vs.(3.36±1.68)U](P<0.05);观察组的急诊手术率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(4.00%vs.10.00%)(P<0.05);观察组的3个月未愈率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(4.00%vs.6.00%)(P<0.05);两组的不良反应发生率相比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 洛赛克联合思他宁与洛赛克单用相比较,明显缩短了住院时间,降低了住院费用,减少了输血量,降低了急诊手术率和3个月未愈率。
[关键词]上消化道出血;洛赛克;思他宁
上消化道出血是消化内科最常见的危急重症之一[1-2]。短时间内大量的出血可以导致急性贫血、失血性休克甚至危及患者的生命。临床上救治上消化道出血的主要方法有禁食、补充血容量、药物治疗、三腔气囊管压迫止血、内镜直视下止血、血管介入技术以及手术治疗[3-4]。洛赛克是一种胃壁细胞的质子泵抑制剂,可抑制胃壁细胞中的质子泵H+-K+-ATP酶,特别是抑制餐后及五肽胃泌素刺激胃酸分泌,从而阻断胃酸分泌[5-6]。思他宁是生长抑素,临床广泛用于严重急性食道静脉曲张出血,严重急性胃或十二指肠溃疡出血,或并发急性糜烂性胃炎或出血性胃炎[7-8]。近年来,我院消化内科采用洛赛克联合思他宁治疗上消化道出血,取得了一定的疗效,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选取2011年1月~2017年1月我院消化内科100例上消化道出血患者。其中,男46例,女54例;年龄 17~67 岁,平均(47.5±16.45)岁。100 例患者均有头晕、昏厥、心悸、盗汗等临床症状,以及黑便和(或)急性呕血吐血等临床表现。所有患者均于最后一次出血24 h内接受了胃镜检查,胃镜检查发现十二指肠球部溃疡54例,胃溃疡28例,复合性溃疡16例,Dieulafory病1例,吻合口溃疡1例。将100例患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各50例。观察组中男28 例,女 22 例,年龄 18~66 岁,平均(46.6±17.35)岁,十二指肠球部溃疡27例,胃溃疡14例,复合型溃疡8例,Dieulafory病1例。对照组中男18例,女32例;年龄 17~67 岁,平均(48.4±15.65)岁;十二指肠球部溃疡27例,胃溃疡14例,复合型溃疡8例,吻合口溃疡1例。两组患者年龄、性别、原发疾病等一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。本研究获得我院医学伦理委员会的审查和批准,所有患者均签署了知情同意书。
1.2 治疗方法
两组患者均接受了禁食、补液、输血以及止血剂等常规保守治疗。对照组在常规保守治疗的基础上予奥美拉唑镁片(洛赛克,阿斯利康制药有限公司,国药准字:J20130093)40mg加入10ml专用溶媒中,缓慢静脉注射,2次/d,连用3~5 d。观察组在对照组的基础上予注射用生长抑素(思他宁,Merck Serono SAAubonne Branch,注册证号:H20090929)静脉给药,通过慢速冲击注射(3~5min)250μg或以 250 μg/h的速度连续滴注给药。
1.3 观察指标
经治疗后,记录和比较两组患者的住院时间、住院费用、输血量以及急诊手术率、3个月未愈率。除外科手术病例外,所有患者均于出院3个月复查胃镜,了解出血灶的愈合情况。输血量以红细胞悬液为计量单位,出院3个月随访胃镜复查时仍发现原位溃疡者为未愈。
1.4 统计学方法
采用SPSS 17.0统计学软件进行数据分析,计量资料数据用均数±标准差(±s)表示,两组间比较采用t检验;计数资料用率表示,组间比较采用χ2检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 两组患者治疗效果的比较
观察组的住院时间明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义 (P<0.01);观察组的住院费用明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);观察组的输血量明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组的急诊手术率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组的3个月未愈率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)(表 1)。
2.2 两组患者不良反应的比较
观察组患者不良反应发生率为20.00%(10/50),对照组为12.00%(6/50),均为恶心呕吐、食欲下降、头痛等轻度不良反应,经对症治疗后消失。两组患者均未出现肝肾功能损伤、上呼吸道感染等严重不良反应和药物副作用。观察组和对照组的不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(表 2)。
表1 两组患者治疗效果的比较

 
与对照组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01
3 讨论
表2 两组患者不良反应的比较[n(%)]

目前临床上救治上消化道出血的主要方法有:禁食、补充血容量、药物治疗、三腔气囊管压迫止血、内镜直视下止血、血管介入技术以及手术治疗[9]。药物保守治疗具有临床疗效确切、需要的设备和器材简单、临床操作方便、安全性好、治疗费用低廉等优点,尤其在不容易开展三腔气囊管压迫止血、内镜直视下止血、血管介入技术以及手术治疗的广大基层医院,值得作为上消化道活动性出血止血的第一选择,值得在临床大力推广应用。
洛赛克是一种胃壁细胞的质子泵抑制剂,可抑制胃壁细胞中的质子泵H+-K+-ATP酶,特别是抑制餐后及五肽胃泌素刺激胃酸分泌,从而阻断胃酸分泌[10-11]。Worden等[10]的研究结果显示,与安慰剂相比较,洛赛克能够明显降低空腹以及餐后2 h胃酸的分泌量。思他宁(生长抑素注射液),临床广泛用于严重急性食道静脉曲张出血,严重急性胃或十二指肠溃疡出血,或并发急性糜烂性胃炎或出血性胃炎[12-13],其止血机制包括:①抑制胃泌素、胃酸和胃蛋白酶的分泌;②选择性收缩内脏血管。二者起协同作用,使止血作用肯定而长久[14-15]。Loudin等[12]的研究结果显示,与安慰剂相比较,生长抑素注射液可以明显抑制胃泌素、胃酸和胃蛋白酶的分泌水平。
本研究结果显示,观察组的住院时间、住院费用、输血量、急诊手术率、3个月未愈率均明显低于对照组。观察组和对照组的不良反应发生率相似,差异无统计学意义,提示与洛赛克单用相比较,洛赛克联合思他宁临床疗效好,安全性好。
综上所述,洛赛克联合思他宁与洛赛克单用相比较,明显缩短了住院时间,降低了住院费用,减少了输血量,降低了急诊手术率和3个月未愈率,值得在基层医院大力推广使用。
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Efficacy and adverse reactions of Losec and Stilam in in the treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding
WENG Yan-li FU Hong-bo ZHOU Yan-qiong LIN Shao-mei WU Shao-xia
Department of Pharmacy,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College in Guangdong Province,Shantou 515041,China
[Abstract]ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Losec combined with Stilamin for upper gastrointestinal bleeding.M ethodsFrom January 2011 to January 2017,100 patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding were randomly divided into observation group and control group.There were 50 cases in each group.The observation group was treated with Losec combined with Stilamin and the control group was treated with Losec alone.At the same time,two groups of patients were
received:fasting,rehydration and hemostatic agents and other conventional conservative treatment.The hospitalization time,hospitalization cost,blood transfusion,emergency surgery rate,3-month non-cure rate,and adverse events were recorded and compared.ResultsThe hospitalization cost of the observation group was significantly lower than thatof the control group,the differencewas statistically significant[(6.78±0.74)d vs.(9.62 ±1.26)d](P<0.01);the hospitalization cost of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group,the difference was statistically significant[(14361.64±3033.71)yuan vs. (18225.80±7249.82)yuan](P<0.01).The blood transfusion in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group[(2.43±1.55)U vs.(3.36±1.68)U](P<0.05).The emergency surgery rate in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the controlgroup (4.00%vs.10.00%)(P<0.05);The 3-month non-cure rate in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(4.00%vs.6.00%)(P<0.05);therewasno significantdifference in the incidenceofadverse reactionsbetween the twogroups(P>0.05).ConclusionCompared with losecine,the combination of Stilamin and Losec significantly reduced hospital stay,reduced hospitalization costs,reduced blood transfusion,reduced emergency surgery and 3-month non-healing rates.
[Key words]Upper gastrointestinal bleeding;Losec;Stilamin
[中图分类号]R573.2
[文献标识码]A
[文章编号]1674-4721(2017)08(a)-0132-03
(收稿日期:2017-07-13 本文编辑:马 越)
[作者简介]翁燕丽(1975-),女,广东汕头人,本科,主管药师,研究方向:医院药学