雌激素拮抗剂联合塞来昔布治疗家兔膝关节创伤性骨化性肌炎的实验研究
韩 峰1卢成华2易 力2姜 虹1
1.大连市友谊医院骨二科,辽宁大连 116001;2.大连市友谊医院骨科,辽宁大连 116001
[摘要]目的 探讨雌激素拮抗剂他莫昔芬联合塞来昔布对家兔膝关节创伤性骨化性肌炎的预防作用。方法 将30只家兔采用随机数字表法分为A、B、C三组,采用膝关节强力被动牵拉、暴力按摩后固定复制膝关节创伤性骨化性肌炎模型;A组采用生理盐水对照,B组采用塞来昔布治疗,C组采用他莫昔芬及塞来昔布治疗,连续给药9周。造模第1、5、9周后比较各组关节肿胀程度,第5、9周后比较各组骨化性肌炎程度。结果 各组动物造模1周后关节周径均大于造模前(A组:t=7.14,P=0.000;B组:t=5.29,P=0.000;C组:t=4.86,P=0.001);A组关节周径大于C组(t=3.96,P=0.002)、B组(t=3.57,P=0.003),C组关节周径小于B组(t=2.48,P=0.007);造模5周后各组关节周径均小于造模1周后(A组:t=3.26,P=0.005;B组:t=2.94,P=0.004;C组:t=2.58,P=0.004),A组关节周径大于B组(t=5.19,P=0.000)、C组(t=6.10,P=0.000),C组关节周径小于B组(t=2.84,P=0.003);造模9周后A组及B组周径均大于造模5周后(A组:t=1.96,P=0.010;B组:t=1.84,P=0.013),C组周径小于造模5后(t=2.29,P=0.008),A组关节周径大于C组(t=3.82,P=0.001)、B组(t=3.14,P=0.002),C组关节周径小于B组(t=4.29,P=0.000)。造模5、9周后各组间骨化性肌炎分级比较,差异均有统计学意义(5周后:H=7.29,P=0.001,9周后:H=17.16,P=0.000);各时间点B组及C组骨化性肌炎分级低于A组(B组,5周后:U=4.26,P=0.004,9周后:U=8.46,P=0.000;C组,5周后:U=5.14,P=0.002,9周后:U=9.17,P=0.000),C组低于B组(5周后:U=4.26,P=0.004,9周后:U=4.89,P=0.003)。结论 他莫昔芬联合塞来昔布能有效减缓创伤性骨化性肌炎的进展,改善预防效果。
[关键词]雌激素拮抗剂;骨化性肌炎;塞来昔布;他莫昔芬
骨化性肌炎指在骨骼系统以外出现的非正常骨结构,临床常用的非甾体类抗炎药治疗,塞来昔布有一定抑制骨化性肌炎的作用,但治疗效果个体差异较大,而且具有诱发消化道溃疡的风险[1]。有研究发现雌马酚与雌二醇能增加体外培养大鼠成骨细胞增殖能力,增加成骨作用,雌激素受体拮抗剂他莫昔芬可显著抑制雌马酚和雌二醇的上述效应[2],本文就雌激素受体拮抗剂他莫昔芬治疗家兔创伤性骨化性肌炎的拮抗作用进行研究。
1 材料与方法
1.1 药品与仪器
塞来昔布(美国辉瑞制药公司,批号:BK060407);构椽酸他莫昔芬片(上海复旦复华药业有限公司,批号:070122)提供;X线机(日本岛津,500 mA)。
1.2 动物与分组
新西兰白色家兔30只,清洁级,兔龄6个月,雌雄各半,体重2~3 kg,由大连医科大学实验动物中心提供(合格证号:SCXKGGD-2016-0174),动物室温饲养,定量给食,间隔光照,适应环境后随机数字表法分为A组、B组及C组,每组10只。
1.3 造模方法
造模采用强力被动牵拉、暴力按摩方法,将家兔右后肢膝关节以顺时针和逆时针方向以最大的角度转动,各20圈(以不使骨折为度),强力按摩膝关节周围肌肉各10圈,造成膝关节及周围软组织损伤,然后用杉树皮、绷带固定膝关节,从第1周开始每周按摩6 d,第5周开始改为隔天按摩1次,连续9周,复制家兔膝关节创伤性骨化性肌炎动物模型[3]
1.4 给药方法
造模后第1天开始给予药物干预,A组每日灌服2 ml生理盐水;B组应用塞来昔布治疗,从术后第1天开始,给予塞来昔布10 mg/(kg·d)[4],溶于2 ml生理盐水后灌服;C组应用他莫昔芬联合塞来昔布治疗,术后第1天在B组方案基础上给予他莫昔芬2 mg/(kg·d)[5],溶于2 ml生理盐水灌服,1次/d,各组均连续给药9周。
1.5 观察指标
造模前和造模后每周以膝盖为起点用软尺环绕膝关节1周,尽量收紧读取周径长度,测量3次,取平均值。造模5、9周后拍膝关节X线正侧位片(44 kV, 32 ms,6.3 mA),对骨化程度进行评级,分级标准为,0级:未出现骨化病灶;Ⅰ级:骨化病灶密度低,呈云雾状;Ⅱ级:骨化病灶密度较高,但边界不清;Ⅲ级:骨化病灶密度高,边界清晰。
1.6 统计学方法
采用SPSS 11.5统计学软件进行数据分析,计量资料用均数±标准差(±s)表示,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,组间两两比较采用LSD-t检验;计数资料用率表示,等级资料比较采用秩和H检验,组间比较采用秩和U检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 药物对骨化性肌炎动物模型实验过程中肢体肿胀程度的影响
各组动物造模1周后关节明显肿胀,各组动物关节周径均大于造模前(A组:t=7.14,P=0.000;B组:t=5.29,P=0.000;C组:t=4.86,P=0.001);各组间比较:A组关节周径大于C组(t=3.96,P=0.002)、B组(t=3.57,P=0.003),C组关节周径小于B组(t=2.48,P=0.007)。造模5周后各组关节肿胀减轻,各组关节周径均小于造模1周后(A组:t=3.26,P=0.005;B组:t=2.94,P=0.004;C组:t= 2.58,P=0.004);各组间比较:A组关节周径大于C组(t= 6.10,P=0.000)、B组(t=5.19,P=0.000),C组关节周径小于B组(t=2.84,P=0.003)。造模9周后A组及B组关节肿胀加重,关节周径大于造模5周后(A组:t=1.96,P= 0.010;B组:t=1.84,P=0.013),C组肿胀减轻,关节周径小于造模5周后(t=2.29,P=0.008);各组间比较:A组关节周径大于C组(t=3.82,P=0.001)、B组(t=3.14,P= 0.002),C组关节周径小于B组(t=4.29,P=0.000)(表1)。
表1 各组动物关节周径比较(cm,±s)

2.2 药物对骨化性肌炎动物模型实验过程中骨化性肌炎的影响
造模5、9周后各组间骨化性肌炎分级比较,差异均有统计学意义(5周后:H=7.29,P=0.001;9周后:H= 17.16,P=0.000);各时间点B组及C组骨化性肌炎分级均低于A组(B组,5周后:U=4.26,P=0.004,9周后:U=8.46,P=0.000;C组,5周后:U=5.14,P=0.002, 9周后:U=9.17,P=0.000),C组低于B组(5周后:U= 4.26,P=0.004;9周后:U=4.89,P=0.003)(表2)。
表2 各组骨化性肌炎分级的比较[n(%)]

3 讨论
骨化性肌炎的发生发展与创伤关系密切,是影响关节创伤后功能的主要原因之一,导致关节功能下降,甚至致残,因此在临床骨伤及骨病的治疗中,对骨化性肌炎的预防于治疗是改善预后的方法之一[6-8]
非甾体类药物典型药物塞来昔布具有阻止或减弱局限性异位骨化形成与发展的效果。其作用机制是抑制COX2,阻止PG的合成,阻断PG介导的骨重建过程的局部炎性反应,抑制间充质细胞的游走与分化增殖,阻断其向成骨细胞分化,从而达到预防异位骨化形成的作用[9-10]。但长期服用非甾体类药物会产生胃肠道反应,严重者会发生消化道出血,而且能够增加骨折不愈合的风险[11]
雌激素受体拮抗剂他莫昔芬阻断雌激素不同的信号转导途径,可解除雌激素对结缔组织生长因子(connective tissue growth factor,CTGF)表达的下调作用,应用PKA激活剂forskolin可模拟雌激素作用下调CTGF表达,提示雌激素主要通过活化PKA下调人成骨细胞CTGF的表达[12],抑制成骨过程,从而减少骨化性肌炎的发生。在对实验结果进行分析发现,各组家兔在造模后第1周关节肿胀明显,造模5周后关节肿胀消退,关节周径明显减小,早期的关节肿胀由于创伤引起的炎性反应引起,各组间的差异提示塞来昔布具有明显的抗炎作用,而联合应用他莫昔芬后抗炎作用明显增强,其可能于他莫昔芬对炎症抑制作用有关[13],造模9周后A组及B组关节周径增加,考虑关节周径的增加与骨化性肌炎的出现及进展有关,在对骨化性肌炎的分级比较中发现,各组间存在显著的差异,各时间点C组的分级要低于A组及B组,而B组的分级低于A组,提示采用塞来昔布能够对创伤后骨化性肌炎起到预防作用,他莫昔芬联合应用后对骨化性肌炎的预防及治疗作用明显增强,要优于单独应用塞来昔布,他莫昔芬与成骨细胞和破骨细胞表面雌激素受体和(或)雌激素拮抗剂特异结合位点结合,影响破骨细胞的生长、分化、对降钙素的反应性及抑制成骨细胞产生破骨细胞活化因子[14-15]。其可能与对创伤后骨化性肌炎的治疗作用有关。
综上所述,他莫昔芬够预防创伤后骨化性肌炎的形成和进展,起到预防及治疗作用,改善塞来昔布单独应用的效果,但其长期应用对其他器官系统的影响,尚需要进一步的研究证实。
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Experimental study of estrogen antagonist combined with celecoxib in the treatment of rabbit with knee joint traumatic myositis ossificans
HAN Feng1LU Cheng-hua2YI Li2JIANG Hong1
1.The Second Department of Orthopaedics,Dalian Friendship Hospital,Liaoning Province,Dalian 116001,China;2.Department of Orthopedics,Dalian Friendship Hospital,Liaoning Province,Dalian 116001,China
[Abstract]Objective To investigate preventive effect of estrogen antagonist Tamoxifen combined with Celecoxib in the rabbit with knee joint traumatic myositis ossificans.Methods 30 rabbits were randomly divided into group A,B and C, traumatic myositis ossificans model of knee joint were make with knee joint fixed after strong passive stretch and violent massage,and rabits in group A were given the normal saline B were treated with Tamoxifen and Celecoxib and the group C were treated with Tamoxifen and Celecoxib,rabits in the group,all rabits were treated for 9 weeks.The swelling degree of knee joint were compared among three groups at 1,5,9 weeks after making model,degree of myositis ossificans were compared among three groups at 5,9 weeks after making model.Results Circumference of knee joint at 1 week after making model than was larger than before making model among three groups (group A:t=7.14,P=0.000;group B:t= 5.29,P=0.000;group C:t=4.86,P=0.001),and the group A was larger than that of the group C (t=3.96,P=0.002)and group B(t=3.57,P=0.003),and the group C was less than that of the group B(t=2.48,P=0.007);circumference of knee joint 5 week after making model was less than 1 week after making model among three groups(group A:t=3.26,P=0.005;group B:t= 2.94,P=0.004;group C:t=2.58,P=0.004),circumference of knee joint in group A was larger than that in the group B (t= 5.19,P=0.000)and group C(t=6.10,P=0.000),and the group B was larger than that in group C(t=2.84,P=0.003);9 week after making model,circumferences of knee joint of group A and group B were larger than those at 5 weeks after making model(group A:t=1.96,P=0.010;group B:t=1.84,P=0.013),and the group C was less than that at 5 weeks after making model(t=2.29,P=0.008),circumference of knee joint of the group A was larger than that in the group C(t=3.82,P=0.001) and group B(t=3.14,P=0.002),and group C was less than that in the group B(t=4.29,P=0.000).Degree of myositis ossificans at 5,and 9 week after making model was different among three groups(5 weeks:H=7.29,P=0.001,9 weeks:H=17.16, P=0.000),and degree of myositis ossificans in group B and group C was lower than that in the group A at different time point(group B,5 weeks:U=4.26,P=0.004,9 weeks:U=8.46,P=0.000;group C,5 weeks:U=5.14,P=0.002,9 weeks:U=9.17,P=0.000),and group C was lower than that in the group B(5 weeks:U=4.26,P=0.004,9 weeks:U=4.89,P=0.003).Conclusion Estrogen antagonist Amoxifen combined with Celecoxib can effectivly control the progress of myositis ossificans,and improve effect of prevention.
[Key words]Estrogen antagonists;Myositis ossificans;Celecoxib;Tamoxifen
[中图分类号]R685.2
[文献标识码]A
[文章编号]1674-4721(2017)03(c)-0013-03
(收稿日期:2017-02-08本文编辑:任 念)