磷酸西格列汀对2型糖尿病患者血脂的影响
路 盈  邹水兰  孔 霞
航空总医院综合内科,北京 100012
[摘要]目的观察磷酸西格列汀对2型糖尿病患者血脂的影响。方法选取2013年7月~2014年11月我院收治的40例2型糖尿病患者,均给予磷酸西格列汀(100 mg,1次/d)治疗24周,观察治疗前后患者的空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白、体重指数、血脂、血尿酸的变化。结果治疗12周后与治疗前相比,患者的空腹及餐后血糖、糖化血红蛋白均有所降低(P<0.05),但体重指数、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血尿酸均无明显变化(P>0.05);治疗24周后与治疗前相比,患者的空腹及餐后血糖、糖化血红蛋白、总胆固醇、三酰甘油及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇均显著降低(P<0.05),但体重指数、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇及血尿酸无显著性变化(P>0.05)。结论磷酸西格列汀可有效控制2型糖尿病患者的血糖水平,同时改善血脂水平。
[关键词]磷酸西格列汀;2型糖尿病;血糖;血脂
随着生活方式的改变和老龄化进程的加速,我国糖尿病的发病率正呈快速上升的趋势,通过对糖尿病治疗研究的不断深入,肠促胰素的作用越来越被人们所重视。肠促胰素是人体内一种肠源性激素,进食后该激素可促进胰岛素分泌,发挥葡萄糖浓度依赖性降糖作用。肠促胰素主要由胰高血糖素样多肽-1(GLP-1)和葡萄糖依赖性促胰岛素分泌多肽(GIP)组成,其中GLP-1在2型糖尿病的发生发展中起着更为重要的作用。循环中的GLP-1会被二肽基肽酶-4(DPP-4)降解代谢,DPP-4抑制剂通过抑制DPP-4而减少GLP-1在体内的失活,使内源性GLP-1的水平升高。GLP-1以葡萄糖浓度依赖的方式增强胰岛素分泌,抑制胰高血糖素分泌,从而降低血糖[1]。目前,DPP-4已广泛应用于2型糖尿病的治疗中,其降糖作用已被认可,但关于对糖尿病患者血脂的影响尚无定论。本研究通过观察磷酸西格列汀对2型糖尿病患者血脂的影响,探讨DPP-4抑制剂在脂代谢方面的作用。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选取2013年7月~2014年11月我科收治的40例2型糖尿病患者,均符合2010年中国糖尿病指南的2型糖尿病诊断标准;其中男性22例,女性18例,年龄40~70岁,平均53.6岁;病程0.5~10年。患者均无胰腺疾病史,常规肝、肾功能正常,7.0%<糖化血红蛋白<10%;既往未应用降糖药物5例,单纯口服降糖药物11例,联合口服两种降糖药物16例,单用胰岛素3例,胰岛素联合口服降糖药物5例;合并高血压13例,冠心病10例,脑梗死6例。
1.2 方法
患者因血糖控制不达标,均加用磷酸西格列汀(杭州默沙东制药有限公司,批号:K008994),100 mg/d,疗程为6个月,均不停用既往所有降糖药物,药物剂量也不改变。治疗前和治疗12、24周后分别检测患者的空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、餐后2 h血糖、体重指数、血脂及血尿酸。
1.3 统计学处理
采用SPSS 19.0统计学软件对数据进行分析,计量资料用±s表示,采用t检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
治疗12周后与治疗前相比,患者的空腹及餐后血糖、糖化血红蛋白均有所降低(P<0.05),但体重指数、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血尿酸均无明显变化(P>0.05);治疗24周后与治疗前相比,患者的空腹及餐后血糖、糖化血红蛋白、总胆固醇、三酰甘油及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇均显著降低(P<0.05),但体重指数、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇及血尿酸无显著性变化(P>0.05)(表1)。
表1 治疗前后各项指标的比较(±s)

 
与治疗前比较,*P<0.05
3 讨论
DPP-4作为糖尿病治疗的一个新靶点,在近年来受到越来越多的关注。当血糖水平升高时,DPP-4抑制剂能够增加血浆GLP-1的浓度,而GLP-1可导致葡萄糖依赖性胰岛素释放,同时减少胰高血糖素的分泌、改善β细胞功能、减少胃排空[2-5]。多项研究表明,无论单独应用DPP-4抑制剂或是与其他类降糖药物联合使用,均能有效控制空腹血糖、餐后血糖和糖化血红蛋白水平[6-9]。磷酸西格列汀是高选择性的DPP-4抑制剂,其降糖作用已得到广泛认可[10-14]。本研究结果显示,应用磷酸西格列汀治疗12周后,患者的空腹血糖、餐后血糖及糖化血红蛋白已明显下降;治疗24周后,患者的空腹血糖、餐后血糖及糖化血红蛋白下降更加显著,同时总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇也有所下降。
关于DPP-4抑制剂如何降低血脂水平尚无统一结论。既往研究[15]表明,DPP-4抑制剂并非直接作用于血脂代谢过程,而是通过激活机体的交感神经系统增加餐后脂类的动员和氧化,达到调节血脂的作用。另外,DPP-4抑制剂可升高GLP-1血浆浓度,而GLP-1可作为神经递质作用于下丘脑等中枢神经系统,从而作用于胃肠道,抑制食欲和胃排空,产生饱腹感,从而控制体重,抑制肠脂蛋白分泌,减轻餐后的高脂血症[16]
2型糖尿病患者常伴有血脂代谢紊乱,常见的血脂紊乱是三酰甘油升高及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低,两者与2型糖尿病患者发生大血管病变及死亡密切相关。降糖药物若能同时改善糖尿病患者的血脂水平,将为糖尿病患者提供更大的帮助。本研究提示,接受磷酸西格列汀治疗24周后,患者的降糖及降脂效果更加显著,提示长期应用DPP-4抑制剂将获益更多。
综上所述,磷酸西格列汀可有效控制2型糖尿病患者的血糖水平,同时改善血脂水平。
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Impact of sitagliptin phosphate on blood lipid of patients with type 2 diabetes
LU Ying ZOU Shui-lan KONG Xia
General Medicine,Aviation General Hospital,Beijing 100012,China
[Abstract] Objective To observe the impact of sitagliptin phosphate on blood lipid of patients with type 2 diabetic. Methods 40 patients with type 2 diabetic admitted into our hospital from July 2013 to November 2014 were selected. All patients were treated with sitagliptin phosphate(100 mg,once a day)for 24 weeks.The changes of fasting blood glucose,2 hours postprandial hyperglycemia,glycosylated hemoglobin,body weight index,blood lipid and blood uric acid in patients were observed before and after treatment. Results Compared with treatment for 12 weeks and before treatment, the level of fasting blood glucose,postprandial hyperglycemia,glycosylated hemoglobin was decreased(P<0.05),body weight index,total cholesterol,triglyceride,high density lipoprotein cholesterol,low density lipoprotein cholesterol and blood uric acid had no obvious change(P>0.05).Compared with treatment for 24 weeks and before treatment,the level of fasting blood glucose,postprandial hyperglycemia,glycosylated hemoglobin,total cholesterol,triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol was obvious decreased(P<0.05),but body weight index,high density lipoprotein cholesterol and blood uric acid had no obvious change(P>0.05). Conclusion Sitagliptin phosphate can effective control blood glucose of patients with type 2 diabetic and improve blood lipid level.
[Key words] Sitagliptin phosphate;Type 2 diabetes;Blood glucose;Blood lipid
收稿日期:(2015-09-28本文编辑:李秋愿)
[作者简介]路盈(1982-),女,硕士,主治医师,研究方向:内分泌与代谢疾病的诊治
[中图分类号] R587.1 
[文献标识码] A 
[文章编号] 1674-4721(2016)01(b)-0121-03