Objective To compare the effects of breast-conserving surgery and mastectomy in the treatment of breast cancer.Methods A total of 60 breast cancer patients who were admitted to Shangrao People′s Hospital from March 2015 to March 2016 were selected as the research objects,and they were divided into the control group(30 cases)and the test group(30 cases)according to different surgical methods.The control group received mastectomy,and the test group received breast conserving surgery.Both groups were followed up for 4 years.The operation related indexes,quality of life before and 4 years after operation and the incidence of complications were compared between the two groups.Results The intraoperative blood loss of the test group was less than that of the control group,and the length of hospitalization and operation time of the test group were shorter than those of the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the quality of life scores between the two groups before surgery(P＞0.05).The environmental status and mental status scores of the two groups were higher than those before surgery,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The quality of life scores in the test group at 4 years after surgery were higher than those in the control group,including environmental conditions and psychological status,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The total incidence of postoperative complications in the test group was 3.33%,which was lower than that in the control group(20.00%),and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The implementation of breast-conserving surgery can effectively shorten the hospital stay and operation time of breast cancer patients,and reduce the amount of intraoperative blood loss,improve the longterm quality of life,and reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications,with good safety,and the treatment effect is remarkable.