Objective To observe the detection rate of patients with carotid artery and fundus arteriosclerosis in the physical examination population,and analyze the risk factors.Methods A total of 647 employees and retired employees from Northern Company who came to the Beifang Section of Peking University Third Hospital from May to December 2018 to participate in physical examination were selected.Sex,age,history of hypertension,coronary heart disease,and diabetes were recorded.Systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),fasting blood glucose(FBG),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),uric acid(UA),bone mineral density(BMD),abdominal color ultrasound,carotid artery ultrasound and fundus vessels were examined.According to the results of carotid ultrasound,they were divided into non carotid atherosclerosis group(n=437)and carotid atherosclerosis group(n=210).According to the results of fundus examination,they were divided into non fundus arteriosclerosis group(n=534)and fundus arteriosclerosis group(n=113).The clinical datas of non carotid atherosclerosis group and carotid atherosclerosis group,non fundus arteriosclerosis group and fundus arteriosclerosis group were compared. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of carotid arteriosclerosis and fundus arteriosclerosis. Results The detection rate of carotid arteriosclerosis was 32.5% and fundus arteriosclerosis was 17.5% in 647 patients.Univariate analysis showed that the proportion of men,age,history of hypertension,history of coronary heart disease,history of diabetes,decreased bone mineral density,SBP,DBP,FBG,UA and TC levels in the carotid atherosclerosis group were higher than those in the non carotid atherosclerosis group,and the level of HDL-C was lower than that in the non carotid atherosclerosis group,with statistical significances(P＜0.05).Univariate analysis showed that the proportion of men,age,history of coronary heart disease,history of diabetes,decreased bone mineral density,SBP,DBP,FBG and UA levels in the fundus arteriosclerosis group were higher than those in the non fundus arteriosclerosis group,and the level of HDL-C was lower than that in the non fundus arteriosclerosis group,with statistical significances(P＜0.05). Logistic multivariate analysis showed that male(β=0.673, OR=0.510,95%CI= 0.263-0.991),age(β=0.128, OR=1.136,95%CI=1.110-1.163),decreased bone mineral density(β=0.735, OR=2.085,95%CI=1.212-3.587)and SBP(β=0.031, OR=1.031,95%CI=1.008-1.056)were risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis(P＜0.05).HDL-C(β=-1.326, OR=0.265,95%CI=0.107-0.661)was a protective factor for carotid atherosclerosis(P＜0.05). Logistic multivariate analysis showed that age(β=0.091, OR=1.095,95%CI=1.071-1.120),diabetes mellitus(β=0.900,OR=2.460,95%CI=0.981-6.167)and SBP(β=0.034, OR=1.035,95%CI=1.014-1.056)were risk factors for fundus arteriosclerosis(P＜0.05).According to the age group analysis of the occurrence of atherosclerosis,the results showed that,with the growth of age,the incidence of all atherosclerosis increased,carotid atherosclerosis occurred earlier than fundus artery.Conclusion The occurrence of carotid and fundus arteriosclerosis is related to gender(male),age,diabetes,high systolic blood pressure and decreased bone density.People should have regular physical examination and actively control the risk factors.