Objective To explore the clinical effect of laparoscopic surgery and transvaginal surgery in the treatment of uterine leiomyoma.Methods A total of 94 patients with uterine leiomyoma admitted to Huludao Lianshan People′s Hospital of Liaoning Province from February 2018 to February 2020 were enrolled, they were divided into laparoscopic group and transvaginal group according to the surgical method, 47 cases in each group.Laparoscopic group received laparoscopic surgery, transvaginal group received transvaginal surgery.The operation status, postoperative recovery status,postoperative ovarian function, sexual life indicators and the occurrence of complications were compared between the two groups.Results The operation time, the first time to go to the ground, the recovery time of gastric function and hospitalization time in the laparoscopic group were shorter than those in the transvaginal group, and the intraoperative blood loss was less than that in the transvaginal group, the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Compared with before treatment, the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and sexual life in the two groups were higher than those at before treatment, E2 and AFC levels were lower than those at before treatment, the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).The total complication rate of laparoscopic group was 2.13%, the total complication rate of transvaginal group was 14.89%, the total complication rate of the laparoscopic group was lower than that of the transvaginal group, the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Laparoscopic surgery is more effective and safe in the treatment of uterine leiomyoma than transvaginal surgery.