Objective To explore the application effect of traditional Chinese medicine fumigation in the treatment of children with elbow dysfunction after humeral supracondylar fracture.Methods A total of 70 children with elbow dysfunction after humeral supracondylar fracture who were treated in Ganzhou Women and Children's Health Care Hospital from May 2022 to May 2023 were selected as the research objects,and they were classified into experimental group (n=35)and control group(n=35)by using the random number table method.The control group received simple manipulation massage combined with elbow function exercise after plaster removal,and the experimental groupwas given traditional Chinese medicine fumigation based on the control group.Both groups were treated for 4 weeks.The elbow function recovery status (Flynn elbow clinical evaluation criteria),scores of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes (elbow pain,elbow stiffness,elbow activity limitation,fatigue and weakness),recovery time(disappearance time of swelling pain,fracture healing time,complete recovery time of elbow function)and occurrence of complications(cubitus varus,forearm ischemic muscle contracture,radial nerve injury)were compared after 4 weeks of treatment.Results After treatment,the excellent and good rate of elbow joint function in experimental group was higher than that in control group,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The scores of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome of elbow pain,elbow stiffness,elbow activity limitation,fatigue and weakness in experimental group were lower than those in control group after treatment,and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).After treatment,the disappearance time of swelling pain,fracture healing time,complete recovery time of elbow function of experimental group were lower than those of control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The total complication rate of experimental group was lower than that of control group,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Traditional Chinese medicine fumigation can effectively improve the elbow function after humeral supracondylar fracture and reduce the possibility of complications.