Objective To explore the application value of artificial bone pulp combined with allogeneic bone in the treatment of bone defect of limbs fracture.Methods A total of 160 patients with limb fracture and bone defect who received surgery in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical College from August 2021 to August 2022 were selected as the study objects.By using random number table method,they were divided into control group,artificial bone pulp group,allogeneic bone group and combined treatment group,with 40 cases in each group.In control group,autogenous cancellous bone was used to fill the bone defect.Allogeneic bone provided in the bone tissue bank of patients in the allogeneic bone group was filled at the bone defect.In the artificial bone pulp group,the artificial bone pulp was manually shaped and squeezed into the bone space for filling.In the combined treatment group,the bone pulp and allogeneic bone were combined to fill the bone defect site.The perioperative indexes,imaging status,functional scores and complications of the four groups were compared.Results The intraoperative blood loss,postoperative drainage volume and surgical cost of the combined treatment group were all lower than those of the other three groups,and the operation time and hospital stay were shorter than those of the other three groups,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).The quality of life health survey short form 36(SF-36)scores,Nottingham health scale (NHP) scores and visual analogue scale (VAS) satisfaction scores of the combined treatment group were higher than those of the other three groups,and the VAS pain scores were lower than those of the other three groups,with statistical significances (P＜0.05).The imaging results showed that all patients in the combined treatment group had callus growth at the bone graft sites by X-ray after 6 months,and the 1-year bone healing rate was higher than that in the other three groups,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.008).The total complication rate of the combined treatment group was lower than that of the other three groups,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.008).Conclusion For patients with limb fracture and bone defect,artificial bone pulp combined with allogeneic bone therapy can improve perioperative indexes,promote bone healing speed,reduce the incidence of complications and improve quality of life,and the overall treatment safety is higher.