Objective To understand the current situation and relationship of mental health problem and self-esteem of middle school students in Huairou District,and to provide scientific basis for further psychological health education and psychological intervention.Methods From October to December 2022,the online survey of mental health early screening scale and self-esteem scale for children and adolescents was conducted in Huairou District,2 825 valid questionnaires were obtained.Results The incidence of at least one mental health symptom among the middle school students in this survey was 46.7%,the incidence of Internet addiction was relatively high(30.6%),and the incidence of loneliness,depression and anxiety were 25.2%,19.3%and 15.5%.In addition to internet addiction tendency,scores of other dimensions of mental health problem were higher for girls than for boys,the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.01).The score of depression tendency of Grade 3 students was higher than that of Grade 1 and Grade 2 students,and the score of loneliness tendency increased with grade (P＜0.05).The analysis of Pearson correlation and partial correlation in mental health problem and self-esteem showed that self-esteem was negatively correlated with depression tendency,anxiety tendency,loneliness tendency and Internet addiction tendency(P＜0.01).Linear regression analysis results showed that self-esteem negatively predicted anxiety tendency,depression tendency,loneliness tendency and Internet addiction tendency(P＜0.01).Conclusion Local junior high school students have serious mental health problems,and self-esteem has a significant impact on their mental health.We should actively pay attention to the development of junior high school students'self-esteem,and formulate relevant intervention strategies to promote the development of junior high school students'mental health