Objective To investigate the application effect of traditional Chinese medicine fumigation and washing combined with anal fistula seton in the treatment of children with anal fistula complicated with perianal abscess.Methods A total of 70 children with anal fistula complicated with perianal abscess treated in Ganzhou Women and Children's Health Care Hospital from June 2021 to June 2023 were selected as the research objects,and they were divided into control group and observation group by random number table method,with 35 cases in each group.The control group was treated with anal fistula seton combined with Potassium Permanganate Solution sitz bath,and the observation group was treated with anal fistula seton combined with traditional Chinese medicine fumigation and washing.The mucosal healing time,wound complete healing time,length of hospital stay,pain score,perianal self-control score,traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score,anal function,curative effect,perianal abscess and anal fistula recurrence rate were compared between the two groups.Results The mucosal healing,wound healing and hospitalization time of the observation group were shorter than those of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).The pain and perianal self-control scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).The scores of perianal swelling and pain,severe pain during defecation and constipation in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The anal function recovery of the observation group was better than that of the control group,the total effective rate (91.43%) was higher than that of the control group(71.43%),the anal fistula recurrence rate(8.57%)and perianal abscess recurrence rate(5.71%)were lower than those of the control group (40.00%,31.43%),and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Traditional Chinese medicine fumigation and washing combined with anal fistula seton treatment can effectively promote anal fistula wound healing,prevent perianal abscess and anal fistula recurrence,relieve pain,promote the recovery of anal function,shorten the length of hospital stay,and promote the return of the disease.It has exact effect and is worthy of promotion.