Objective To explore the rehabilitation of patients with erectile dysfunction by traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation and emotional care based on the theory of"three categories of etiologic factors".Methods A total of 100 male patients with erectile dysfunction admitted to Nanchang Reproductive Hospital from June 2022 to October 2023 were selected as the study objects,and they were divided into control group (50 cases)and observation group (50 cases)by random number table method.Patients in control group were treated with routine nursing,and patients in observation group were treated with traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation combined with emotional nursing.The scores of intemational index of erectitle function 5 (IIEF-5),nursing effectiveness,self-rating anxiety scale (SAS)and self-rating depressed scale (SDS)were compared between the two groups.Results The excellent and good rate of observation group was higher than that of control group,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).IIEF-5 score of observation group was higher than that of control group,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The SAS and SDS of observation group were lower than that of control group,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The combination of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation and emotional care based on the theory of "three categories of etiologic factors"can effectively improve the erectile function and psychological state of erectile dysfunction patients,and then provide some ideas for the nursing and rehabilitation of erectile dysfunction patients.