Objective To assess the application and effect of framework for simulation teaching of Jeffries'simulation theory in fundamental of nursing practice teaching.Methods Two natural classes of undergraduate nursing in the class of 2021 were selected for the study using the whole cluster sampling method and were divided into 34 cases in the simulation teaching group and 34 cases in the traditional teaching group.The simulation group was taught using a simulation based on Jeffries simulation theory framework;the traditional teaching group was taught using the traditional theory followed by experimentation approach.The results of basic nursing operation,final theoretical results and critical thinking ability were compared between the two groups.At the same time,the teaching effect of simulation design and simulation practice was evaluated by nursing students in the simulation teaching group.Results The mean scores of the students' theoretical and skill test scores in the simulation teaching group were higher than those in the traditional teaching group,and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Nursing students in the simulation teaching group had a total score of (282.72±20.72)point on the critical thinking skills measurement scale,and their total scores and scores on all dimensions were higher than those of the traditional teaching group,the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).The highest mean score for the High Expectations dimension of the educational practices in simulation scale was (4.71±0.55) point,the highest mean score for the fidelity dimension of the simulation design scale was (4.53±0.64) point,and the mean scores for the students' satisfaction and self-confidence dimensions were (4.41±0.41) point and (4.24±0.40) point.Conclusion Simulation based on Jeffries Simulation Theory Framework improves learning outcomes and critical thinking skills in fundamentals of nursing.