Objective To explore the clinical effect of thoracic paravertebral nerve block(TPVB)treatment on patients with moderate to severe pain after thoracoscopic surgery.Methods A total of 72 patients with moderate to severe pain after thoracoscopic surgery at Xinyu City People's Hospital from April 2020 to April 2022 were selected as the study subjects.They were divided into control group and observation group (36 cases in each group) using the mechanical sampling method of admission number.The control group received sufentanil treatment,while the observation group received ultrasound guided TPVB treatment.The pain scores,postoperative vital signs,dosage of sufentanil,duration of anesthesia recovery,levels of pain and inflammatory factors,and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results The visual analogue scale (VAS)score of the observation group at 1 hour,8 hours,24 hours,and 48 hours after surgery were lower than those of the control group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).The blood oxygen saturation at 1 hour after surgery in the observation group was higher than that in the control group,while the systolic and diastolic blood pressure were lower than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in heart rate between the observation group and the control group at 1 hour after surgery (P＞0.05).The dosage of sufentanil in the observation group was lower than that in the control group,with statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).However,there was no statistically significant difference in the stay time in the anesthesia recovery room between the observation group and the control group (P＞0.05).The levels of interlenkin 6 and prostaglandin E2 in the observation group at 48 hours after surgery were lower than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the observation group and the control group (P＞0.05).Conclusion Implementing TPVB treatment in patients with moderate to severe pain after thoracoscopic surgery can significantly alleviate acute postoperative pain,reduce the use of opioids,and smoothly pass the pain period.