Objective To explore the application effect of hydrogel dressing and vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) technique in patients with open fractures of extremities (OFOE) and the effect on postoperative wound healing, interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels. Methods A total of 100 OFOE patients admitted to Shenyang Jishuitan Hospital from May 2018 to March 2020 were selected as research subjects and divided into control group (50 cases) and observation group (50 cases) by random number table method. Patients in the control group were treated with VSD technology, and patients in the observation group were treated with hydrogel dressing on the basis of the control group. The postoperative wound healing effect, levels of IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α and clinical efficacy were compared between the two groups. Results The frequency of dressing change in the observation group was less than that in the control group, the wound recovery time was shorter than that in the control group, and the flap formation rate was higher than that in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). Before treatment, there were no significant differences in the levels of IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-α between the two groups (P＞0.05). The levels of IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-α in the two groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment,and the levels of IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-α in the observation group after treatment were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). Conclusion Combining functional hydrogel dressing and VSD technology in OFOE patients can improve IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-α levels, which is worth promotion.