Objective To investigate the application effect of intelligent risk assessment before gastric tube insertion in the prevention of aspiration in neurology patients. Methods The clinical data of 90 patients with gastric tube indwelling in the Department of Neurology of Pingxiang City People′s Hospital from October 2020 to September 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, and they were divided into the control group and the observation group according to whether information-based aspiration risk assessment was adopted, with 45 cases in each group. The control group used routine aspiration risk assessment, and the observation group used information-based aspiration risk assessment. The incidence of aspiration, gastric tube indwelling time, hospital stay and swallowing function were compared between the two groups.Results There was no significant difference in the score of swallowing function between the two groups before intervention (P＞0.05). The incidence of aspiration in the observation group was 8.89%, which was lower than 26.67% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). The gastric tube indwelling time ([17.89±3.20] d)and the hospitalization time ([20.82±2.76] d) in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group([21.78±3.24] d and [25.64±3.16] d), and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). The swallowing function score of the observation group after intervention was (2.21±0.05) points, which was lower than that of the control group([3.24±0.10] points), and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). Conclusion Intelligent risk assessment before gastric tube insertion can effectively prevent aspiration in neurology patients, improve patients′ swallowing function, and effectively shorten gastric tube indwelling time and hospital stay.