Objective To investigate the application effect of using Caffeine Citrate at different times in the prevention and treatment of apnea in premature infants. Methods A total of 100 premature infants admitted to Jiangmen Maternal and Child Health Hospital from April 2020 to March 2021 were selected as research subjects, and divided into the observation group (50 cases) and the control group (50 cases) by random number table method.Premature infants in the control group were administered after respiratory depression, and premature infants in the observation group were administered preventively within 24 hours after birth.The incidence of apnea, oxygen use time, non-invasive respiratory ventilation time and the incidence of complications were compared between the two groups. Results The incidence of apnea in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The duration of oxygen use and non-invasive respiratory ventilation in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).The incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), intracranial hemorrhage (IVH) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). Conclusion Early use of Caffeine Citrate in premature infants has a better effect on the prevention of apnea, can effectively shorten the time of oxygen use and non-invasive respiratory ventilation, reduce the occurrence of retinopathy, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and other complications.