护理人员血源性职业暴露情况及危险因素

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Abstract Objective To investigate the risk factors of blood-borne occupational exposure of nursing staff in a hospital to provide a basis for the development of effective prevention and control measures.Methods A retrospective analysis on the data of 103 nurses who had blood-borne occupational exposure from January 2018 to September 2019 in Ganzhou People′s Hospital was conducted.The risk factors of blood-borne occupational exposure by investigating the professional title,location,exposure method,medical activities and sources of exposure during the exposure were analyzed.Results Among the nursing staff who had occupational exposure to blood,most of them had primary or lower professional titles,accounting for 58.25%.With regards to the place of occurrence,78 cases(75.73%)in the ward,8 cases(7.77%) in the decontamination area of the disinfection supply center,6 cases (5.83%) in outpatient infusion,9 cases(8.74%) in the operating room,and 2 cases (1.94%) in other areas.On type of exposure,92 cases (89.32%) with sharp injuries,7 cases(6.80%)with mucosal contact,3 cases(2.91%)damaged skin,and 1 cases(0.97%)with complete skin.On medical activities during exposure,9 cases (8.74%)occurred when handling instruments,16 cases (15.53%)occurred when injections,38 cases (36.89%) occurred when handling medical waste,7 cases (6.80%) occurred when blood collection,13 cases (12.62%) occurred when needle removal,7 cases (6.80%) occurred when surgery,13 cases (12.62%) occurred in others.When talking about the source of exposure,8 cases(7.77%)with syphilis positive,39 cases(37.86%)with HBsAg positive,1 cases(0.97%)with anti-HCV positive,17 cases(16.50%)with unknown source of exposure,and 38 cases(36.89%)with negative source of exposure.Univariate analysis results showed that the difference between occupational exposure and occupational exposure without occupational exposure,education level,working years,frequency of occupational protection education,and the degree of importance attached to occupational protection by hospitals was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Multivariate analysis results showed that the educational level (β=-0.447,OR=0.855,95%CI=0.410-0.917),the frequency of occupational protection education (β=-0.426,OR=0.768,95%CI=0.346～0.836),and the degree of importance attached to occupational protection by the hospital (β=-0.377,OR=0.548,95%CI=0.517-0.724) were the protective factor for occupational exposure(P＜0.05).Conclusion Nurses and junior nursing staff are the high-risk groups of occupational exposure.It is necessary to optimize the hospital occupational exposure reporting process,strengthen the medical personnel protection training,establish occupational exposure monitoring system and take correct treatment and intervention after exposure.Care should be taken for nursing staff of the blood-borne occupational exposure risk management in order to reduce is incidence.

Key words： Nursing staff Blood-borne occupational exposure Risk factors Preventive measures

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	HU Tao

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HU Tao. Blood-borne occupational exposure and risk factors of nursing staff[J]. 中国当代医药, 2020, 27(34): 192-194转198.

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https://www.dangdaiyiyao.com/EN/ OR https://www.dangdaiyiyao.com/EN/Y2020/V27/I34/192

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