Objective To investigate the effect of Cefazolin combined with Metronidazole in the perioperative period of patients with oral and maxillary cysts. Methods A total of 90 patients with oral and maxillary cysts who were admitted to the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University from January 2019 to October 2021 were selected as the research objects,and they were divided into group A(30 cases),group B(30 cases)and group C (30 cases) by random number table method. The group A were not treated with any antibiotics, and group B treated with Cefazolin alone, and group C was treated with Cefazolin combined with Metronidazole. The clinical signs related indicators such as white blood cells, neutrophils, C-reactive protein (CRP), body temperature and the incidence of postoperative infection were compared among the three groups before and after treatment. Results After treatment, there were no significant differences in the leukocytes, neutrophils, CRP, body temperature and other physical indicators among the three groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative infection among the three groups (P>0.05).Conclusion In the case of patients with oral and maxillofacial cysts with good immune function, the absence of antibiotics for assisted surgical treatment during the perioperative period will not lead to changes in the patients′ physical signs and immune function, nor will it increase the risk of postoperative infection in the patients. Reducing the frequency of use of related drugs can also prevent patients from developing drug resistance due to drug overdose, which is of great significance to reducing the medical economic burden of patients.