Objective To explore the influence of risk assessment on the quality of infection control in operating room.Methods A total of 2668 patients who received surgeries in our hospital from January to December 2017 were assigned to the control group, and 2813 patients who received surgeries in our hospital from January to December 2018 were categorized into the intervention group. The patients in the control group were given routine nursing intervention, and high-risk links through risk assessment were selected and targeted intervention measures were adopted in the intervention group. The quality of infection prevention and control and the incidence of infection at the surgical site were compared between the two groups. Results The qualification rate of surface monitoring on the operation instruments, the standardization rate of aseptic operation, the qualification rate of surgical hand washing and preoperative skin preparation in the intervention group were all higher than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The incidence of infection at the surgical site in the intervention group was 0.24%, which was lower than that in the control group accounting for 0.86%, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The implementation of risk assessment and effective interventions on key links can significantly improve the quality of infection control in the operating room, which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.