Objective To explore the effect of different initial concentration oxygen resuscitation programs on the rescue of full-term neonatal asphyxia. Methods The clinical data of 60 cases of full-term neonatal asphyxia who received treatment in our hospital from July 2018 to December 2019 were selected, and they were divided into control group and observation group according to the difference of initial concentration oxygen resuscitation, with 30 cases in each group. The control group received resuscitation treatment with 21% oxygen concentration, and the observation group received resuscitation treatment with 30% oxygen concentration. The first crying time, spontaneous breathing time, heart rate at 5 min of resuscitation, oxygen resuscitation rate, brain injury rate, success rate of resuscitation,incidence of oxygen poisoning, and the newborn Apgar scores at 1, 5 and 10 min after treatment were compared between the two groups. Results There were no significant differences in the incidence of brain injury, the success rate of resuscitation and the heart rate at 5 min of resuscitation between the two groups (P>0.05). The oxygen resuscitation rate (3.33%) and the incidence of oxygen poisoning (0.00%) in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (26.66%, 20.00%), the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The first crying time and spontaneous breathing time in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in Apgar score at 1 min between the two groups(P>0.05), while the Apgar scores at 5 and 10 min in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion For the rescue treatment effect of full-term neonatal asphyxia, the 30% oxygen concentration resuscitation treatment and 21% oxygen concentration resuscitation treatment has the same effect and is safe and reliable, but 30% oxygen concentration resuscitation treatment can effectively reduce the rate of brain injury in patients, shorten the time of spontaneous breathing and first crying, and improve Apgar score, which is worthy of clinical application.