Objective To explore the effect of self-efficacy intervention in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods A total of 82 patients admitted to the Second People′s Hospital of Zhaoqing City after PCI from July 2020 to June 2021 were selected as the study subjects. They were divided into the intervention group and the control group by random number table method, with 41 patients in each group. The control group received routine nursing intervention after PCI, and the intervention group received self-efficacy intervention on the basis of the control group.The self-efficacy, self-management ability, cardiac rehabilitation and the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events were compared between the two groups before and after the intervention. Results Before intervention, there were no statistically significant differences in the scores of self-efficacy scale (GSES) and coronary heart disease self-management scale (CSMS) between the two groups (P＞0.05). After intervention, the GSES and CSMS scores of the two groups were higher than those before intervention, the differences were statistically significant (P ＜0.05). After intervention, the scores of GSES and CSMS in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). After intervention, the 6-minute walking test (6MWT) distance of patients in the intervention group was longer than that in the control group, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was higher than that in the control group, and the total incidence of adverse cardiovascular events was lower than that in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). Conclusion Self-efficacy intervention can effectively improve self-efficacy and disease self-management ability of patients after PCI, promote cardiac function rehabilitation,and reduce the overall incidence of postoperative adverse cardiovascular events.