Objective To observe the nutritional status of senile patients with blood disease, and to analyze its influencing factors. Methods The clinical data of 60 senile patients with blood disease who treated in our hospital from January 2018 to October 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, and divided into malnutrition group (25 cases) and normal nutrition group (35 cases) according to nutritional status of patients. The gender, age, body mass index (BMI), dialysis time,albumin (ALB), total protein (TP) and anxiety/depression ratio of patients with different nutritional status were compared, and the influencing factors of malnutrition were analyzed. Results The incidence of malnutrition in 60 senile patients with blood disease was 41.67%. The score of mini-nutritional assessment (MNA) in malnutrition group was lower than that in normal nutrition group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The single-factor analysis results indicated that there were statistically significant differences in the BMI, dialysis time, ALB and TP between malnutrition group and normal nutrition group (P<0.05). The multiple-factor analysis results indicated that BMI(β=1.404, OR=4.073, 95%CI=1.366-12.143), dialysis time (β=1.636, OR=5.136, 95%CI=1.685-15.650), ALB (β=1.725,OR=5.610, 95%CI=1.817-17.326), TP (β=1.670, OR=5.312, 95%CI=1.741-16.206) were influencing factors for malnutrition in senile patients with blood disease (P<0.05). Conclusion BMI, dialysis time, ALB, TP are related influencing factors for malnutrition in senile patients with blood disease. The above factors can be observed and intervened in the clinic to prevent and control the malnutrition in patients.