Objective To investigate the application effect of nebulized Budesonide combined with Etimicin in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. Methods A total of 106 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis in Beijing Jingmei Group General Hospital from March 2018 to March 2021 were selected as the research objects, and they were divided into the control group (53 cases) and the observation group (53 cases). The control group was treated with Etimicin, and the observation group was treated with Etimicin combined with nebulized Budesonide.The symptom scores, inflammatory factors, lung function and safety of the two groups of patients were compared. Results Before treatment, there was no significant difference in symptom scores, inflammatory factors and pulmonary function between the two groups (P＞0.05). After treatment, the symptom scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group, the levels of procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were lower than those of the control group, the percentage of forced vital capacity to the predicted value (FVC%pred), the forced exhalation in the first second. The proportion of air volume (FEV1%pred) and the proportion of peak respiratory flow rate (PEF%pred)were higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion Nebulized Budesonide combined with Etimicin in the treatment of patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis can effectively improve clinical symptoms, relieve inflammation, improve lung function, and has a certain degree of safety.