Objective To compare the rapid diagnosis value between sputum fungal smear and sputum fungal immunofluorescence staining in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD).Methods Sputum specimens from 60 patients with AECOPD diagnosed in Ji′an Hospital,Shanghai Dongfang Hospital from June 2019 to June 2020 were selected as the research objects.The sputum specimens were timely sent for examination of general fungal smear,immunofluorescence staining of sputum,culture of sputum fungi and others,and statistical data were collected.According to the gold standard of sputum fungal culture,the positive rate of fungal culture was compared between the methods of sputum fungal smear and immunofluorescence,as well as the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy.Results The sensitivity of the immunofluorescence assay of sputum fungus was 92.86%,which was higher than 71.42% of the sputum fungal smear,with statistically significant difference(P<0.05).The specificity of the sputum fungal immunofluorescence assay was 88.89%,which was higher than 66.67% of sputum fungal smear,with statistically significant difference(P<0.05).The accuracy of the immunofluorescence of sputum fungus was 93.33%,which was higher than 70.00% of the sputum fungal smear,with statistically significant difference(P<0.05).Conclusion Compared with the sputum fungal smear,the fungal immunofluorescence assay has higher sensitivity,specificity and accuracy in the rapid diagnosis of AECOPD,which can reduce the occurrence of false negative results and the rate of missing detection and is thus worthy to be applied widely.