Objective To compare the clinical effect of percutaneous lateral foraminal endoscopy and posterior fenestration in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation(LDH).Methods From January 2019 to January 2020,60 patients with LDH admitted to the Department of Orthopedics,Leping Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Jiangxi Province were selected as the research objects.According to the random number table method,they were divided into control group(30 cases)and study group(30 cases).Patients in the control group underwent posterior fenestration,and patients in the study group underwent percutaneous lateral foraminal endoscope.The surgical indexes,the total incidence of postoperative complications and the surgical results were compared between the two groups.The pain and lumbar dysfunction before and after surgery were compared between the two groups.Results The incision length,operation time and postoperative hospital stay in the study group were shorter than those in the control group,and the intraoperative blood loss was less than that in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The total incidence of postoperative complications in the study group was lower than that in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the rate of the excellent and good of operation between the two groups(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in pain visual analogue scale(VAS)and Oswestry disability index(ODI)scores before and after surgery between the two groups(P>0.05).The VAS and ODI scores at one month after surgery in the two groups were lower than those before surgery,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion Posterior lamina fenestration and percutaneous lateral foraminal endoscopy have similar surgical effects in patients with LDH,but the latter has less trauma to patients and fewer postoperative complications,it is recommended as the first choice.