Objective To investigate the correlation between rashes caused by antiepileptic drugs and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)genes in children with epilepsy in Maternity and Child Health Care of Zaozhuang,so as to promote clinical rational drug use.Methods A total of 3 800 children diagnosed with epilepsy and taking aromatic antiepileptic drugs admitted to Maternity and Child Health Care of Zaozhuang from May 2019 to January 2023 were selected as the study objects.According to whether the children had cutaneous adverse drug reactions within 12 weeks of medication,the children were divided into rash group(21 cases)and tolerance group(100 cases were randomly selected out of 3 779 cases without dermal adverse drug reactions).The whole genome of HLA genes was sequenced by targeted sequencing technology.HLA genotypes were analyzed and compared among the rash group,the tolerance group and the general population.Results The positive rates of HLA-A*31∶01 and HLA-C*04∶01 genes between the rash group and the tolerance group were statistically significant (OR=6.75,95%CI=1.47-30.99,P＜0.01;OR=5.44,95%CI=5.44-25.52,P＜0.05).Conclusion HLA-A*31∶01 and HLA-C*04∶01 genes may be risk alleles for rashes induced by aromatic antiepileptic drugs.