Objective To investigate the related factors of postoperative mindfulness level in patients with thoracolumbar compression fracture (TCF). Methods A total of 96 TCF patients in the Department of Orthopedics of Longkou People's Hospital from October 2018 to October 2021 were selected as the research subjects.According to the score of mindful attention awareness scale (MAAS), there were 42 cases in the high level group (MAAS≥66 points) and 54 cases in the low level group (MAAS ＜66 points).The clinical data of the enrolled patients were collected and sorted through the hospital medical record system, and the influencing factors of postoperative mindfulness in TCF patients were analyzed. Results The postoperative MAAS score of TCF patients was (52.20±3.40) points.Univariate analysis showed that the degree of family care, pain level, and standardized rehabilitation training were related to the postoperative mindfulness level of TCF patients, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Gender, education level, age, marital status, payment method of medical expenses, smoking history, and drinking history were not related to the postoperative mindfulness level of TCF patients, and the difference was not statistically significant (P＞0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that the degree of family care was low/medium (β=1.291, OR=3.636, 95%CI: 1.523-8.682), severe pain (β=1.015, OR=2.759, 95%CI: 1.134-6.711), unstandardized rehabilitation training (β=1.079, OR=2.941, 95%CI: 1.102-7.849) were high-risk factor affecting the postoperative mindfulness level of TCF patients （P＜0.05）. Conclusion The postoperative mindfulness level of TCF patients is low, which is affected by the degree of family care, pain degree, and standardized rehabilitation training, and clinical attention should be paid to it.