Objective To investigate the factors that affect all-cause mortality in maintenance hemodialysis(MHD)patients.Methods A total of 83 MHD patients admitted to the Department of Blood Purification in Fujian Provincial Hospital from January 2020 to June 2022 were selected as the study objects.According to the survival status of the patients,they were divided into a survival group (62 cases)and a death group (21 cases).The basic data,blood routine,biochemical and other indicators of the two groups were compared to analyze the influencing factors of all-cause death in MHD patients.Results The age,white blood cell count,neutrophil count,red blood cell distribution width (RDW),platelet distribution width,neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),alkaline phosphatase and blood calcium in the death group of MHD patients were all higher than those in the survival group,and the dialysis time was longer than that in the survival group,lymphocyte count,hematocrit,hemoglobin,albumin,high-density lipoprotein and creatinine were all lower than those in survival group,with statistical significances (P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that NLR (OR=1.486,95%CI=1.049-2.107,P=0.026),RDW (OR=2.231,95%CI=1.055-4.716,P=0.036),white blood cell count (OR=1.767,95%CI=1.082-2.887,P=0.023),dialysis time (OR=1.023,95%CI=1.004-1.041,P=0.017) were independent risk factors for all-cause death in MHD patients,albumin (OR=0.76,95%CI=0.623-0.928,P=0.007)was a protective factor for all-cause death in MHD patients.Conclusion NLR,RDW,white blood cell count and duration of dialysis are risk factors for all-cause mortality in patients with MHD,and albumin is a protective factor against all-cause mortality in patients with MHD.