徐州医科大学附属宿迁医院甲型和乙型流感住院儿童的临床特征研究

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摘要目的比较徐州医科大学附属宿迁医院住院儿童甲型流感和乙型流感的流行特点、临床特点及对帕拉米韦的疗效差异。方法回顾性选取2019 年1 月至2022 年8 月徐州医科大学附属宿迁医院收治的260 例住院的流感患儿作为研究对象，根据流感核酸检测结果分为甲型流感组（130 例）和乙型流感组（130 例）。所有患儿均接受帕拉米韦静脉滴注治疗。分析两组的甲型流感和乙型流感的流行特点，比较两组的临床症状、流感并发症、血液学指标水平，以及帕拉米韦对两组患儿的临床疗效。结果乙型流感一般在每年11 月至次年3 月流行，甲型流感多在每年11 月至次年1 月流行，而2022 年甲型流感从7 月份开始流行。在临床症状上，甲型流感组发热和抽搐占比高于乙型流感组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05），而乙型流感组呕吐占比高于甲型流感组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。甲型流感组并发中性粒细胞减少症、发热性惊厥和白细胞减少占比高于乙型流感组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05），乙型流感组并发肺炎和病毒性脑炎占比高于甲型流感组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。甲型流感组淋巴细胞百分比低于乙型流感组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。甲型流感组的发热症状缓解时间短于乙型流感组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。乙型流感儿童的住院时间长于甲型流感儿童，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）。结论甲型流感儿童在临床上容易出现发热、抽搐，乙型流感儿童呕吐多见。甲型流感更容易出现的并发症是中性粒细胞减少症、发热性惊厥和白细胞减少。而乙型流感出现肺炎和病毒性脑炎并发症的占比较高。甲型流感儿童的淋巴细胞百分比低于乙型流感组。帕拉米韦治疗的甲型流感儿童的发热症状缓解时间和住院时间明显短于乙型流感儿童。

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关键词 ：甲型流感, 乙型流感, 儿童, 临床特征, 帕拉米韦

Abstract：Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics,clinical characteristics and the efficacy of Peramivir in hospitalized children with influenza A and B at the Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University.Methods A total of 260 hospitalized children with influenza admitted to Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2019 to August 2022 were retrospectively selected as the study objects,and were divided into influenza A group(130 cases)and influenza B group (130 cases)according to the results of influenza nucleic acid detection.All children were treated with intravenous Peramivir.The epidemiological characteristics of influenza A and influenza B in the two groups were analyzed,and the clinical symptoms,influenza complications,hematological indexes and clinical efficacy of Peramivir in the two groups were compared.Results Influenza B generally prevailed from November to March of the following year,influenza A mostly prevailed from November to January of the following year.However,the influenza A of 2022 outbroken in July.The proportion of fever and convulsions in influenza A group were higher than those in influenza B group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).While the proportion of vomiting in influenza B group was higher than that in influenza A group,and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).The proportion of neutropenia,febrile convulsion and leukopenia in influenza A group was higher than that in influenza B group,and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).The proportion of pneumonia and viral encephalitis in influenza B group was higher than that in influenza A group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The lymphocyte percentage in influenza A group was lower than that in influenza B group,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The time of fever symptom relief in influenza A group was shorter than that in influenza B group,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The hospital stay of children with influenza B was longer than that of children with influenza A,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.001).Conclusion Children with influenza A were prone to fever and convulsions,and children with influenza B were more likely to vomit.The more frequent complications of influenza A were neutropenia,febrile convulsion and leucopenia.The more frequent complications of influenza B were pneumonia and viral encephalitis.The lymphocyte percentage in children with influenza A was lower than that in children with influenza B.The fever symptoms remission time and hospitalization time of children with influenza A treated with Peramivir were significantly shorter than those of children with influenza B.

Key words： Influenza A Influenza B Children Clinical characteristics Peramivir

基金资助:徐州医科大学附属医院发展基金资助项目（XYF M2020025）。

通讯作者: 陈红斗（1974-），男，汉族，江苏宿迁人，硕士，主任中药师，硕士生导师，徐州医科大学附属宿迁医院药学部主任；研究方向：药物流行病学。

作者简介: 王金娜（1989-），女，汉族，江苏宿迁人，硕士，硕士研究生导师；研究方向：儿童个体化用药。

引用本文:

王金娜；王旭；陈红斗. 徐州医科大学附属宿迁医院甲型和乙型流感住院儿童的临床特征研究[J]. 中国当代医药, 2023, 30(21): 57-62.
WANG Jinna WANG Xu CHEN Hongdou. Clinical characteristics of hospitalized children with influenza A and B in Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University. 中国当代医药, 2023, 30(21): 57-62.

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https://www.dangdaiyiyao.com/CN/ 或 https://www.dangdaiyiyao.com/CN/Y2023/V30/I21/57

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