Premature ovarian failure(POF)is the term usually to describe the cessation of ovarian function before the age of 40.Clinically,it is often characterized by primary or secondary amenorrhea,elevated levels of gonadotropins,and low estrogen,accompanied by a series of low estrogen symptoms,such as hot flashes,night sweats,facial flushing,decreased sexual desire.In addition,the risk of cardiovascular disease,cerebrovascular disease,osteoporosis and other diseases increased among POF patients,which seriously affects the quality of life.Recently,the incidence of POF has increased yearly,seriously harming the physical and mental health of women with POF.The etiology of most POF cases is usually elusive,and maybe related to genetic factors,autoimmune factors,environmental factors,iatrogenic factors and so on.The treatment of POF is difficult.At preasent,hormone replacement therapy is most commonly used in clinical.And the application of antioxidants and stem cells is increasingly mature.After reviewing relevnt literature,this paper summarizes the etiology and treatment research progress of POF as a reference for future study.