Objective To investigate the clinical effect of neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy combined with surgery in the treatment of stageⅡ-Ⅲrectal cancer.Methods A total of 92 patients with stageⅡ-Ⅲrectal cancer admitted to Xinyu People′s Hospital from March 2017 to March 2021 were selected as the study subjects,and they were divided into the observation group(n=46)and the control group(n=46)by random ball-touching method.The control group was received surgery combined with postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy and postoperative chemotherapy,while the observation group was received neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy combined with surgery and postoperative chemotherapy.The clinical efficacy,the incidence of acute toxic reactions,anal the retention rate,the incidence of complications,the local recurrence rate and the overall survival rate were compared between the two groups.Results The disease control rate(DCR)in the observation group was higher than that in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The incidence of acute toxicity in the observation group was lower than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The anal retention rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the total incidence of complications between the two groups(P＞0.05).The recurrence rate at 1,3,5 years in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,and the overall survival rate at 1,3,5 years in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).Conclusion Neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy combined with surgeryin the treatment of stageⅡ-Ⅲrectal cancer can improve the clinical efficacy,reduce the incidence of acute toxic reactions and the local recurrence,avoid increasing the incidence of complications,and promote the improvement of anal retention rate and overall survival rate.