Objective To analyze the influencing factors of false-negative in thinprep cytolog test (TCT) of patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on cytological test results of 96 patients with CIN who underwent TCT between April 2019 and May 2021 in Pathological Diagnosis Center, Hu'nan Cancer Hospital.According to the results, negative, i.e., no intraepithelial lesion or malignant lesion (NILM) was considered as cytological false negative, and cytological false negative patients were selected as observation group and cytological abnormal patients as control group.At the same time, the age, lesion sites and other relevant clinical data of patients in the two groups were counted.The data with statistical differences were analyzed by univariate logistic multifactor analysis, and targeted and effective protective measures were proposed according to the relevant factors. Results TCT showed that there were 12 (8.00%) false-negative cases among the 96 patients with CIN, with a false-negative rate of 12.50%.There were statistically significant differences between the observation group and the control group in the proportion of patients ≥30 years old, cervical single-site lesion, distance between the lesion and cervical canal ≥1 cm, cell concentration＜40%, severe cervical inflammation, missed diagnosis by cytology doctor, glandular cells or metaplastic cells, and bleeding smears (P＜0.05).There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the severity of the disease, severe cervical erosion, irregular cervix and cervical foreign bodies (P＞0.05).Multivariate logistic analysis results showed that age≤30 (β=0.074, OR=1.077, 95%CI=1.023-1.133), distance between the lesion and cervical canal ≥1 cm (β=0.289, OR=1.335, 95%CI=1.106-1.611), cell concentration ＜40% (β=0.342, OR=1.383, 95%CI=1.067-1.791), missed diagnosis by cytology doctor (β=0.364, OR=1.439, 95%CI=1.092-1.897), no glandular cells or metaplastic cells (β=0.354, OR=1.412, 95%CI=1.112-1.793), and bleeding smear (β=0.374, OR=1.454,95%CI=1.107-1.909) were independent risk factors for false negative diagnostic results of TCT (P＜0.05). Conclusion The age and distance between lesion and cervical canal will lead to false-negative in TCT.Analysis of related factors and conducting corresponding preventive measures are beneficial to reduce false-negative in cytology.