Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a rare disease. Due to the clinical manifestations of EGE are diverse and non-specificity, patients are often misdiagnosed and underdiagnosed. A case was admitted to Lanzhou University Second Hospital on April 6, 2020, manifested as "abdominal pain and gastrointestinal bleeding" and finally diagnosed as"eosinophilic gastroenteritis" by endoscopy combined with pathological examination. After diet management and taking the medicine of glucocorticoids and Montelukast, the child was cured without recurrence. To deepen clinicians′understanding of eosinophilic gastroenteritis, this article summarizes the process of clinical diagnosis and treatment, and reviews the latest literature, emphasizing that multi-site biopsy is of great use to diagnose eosinophilic gastroenteritis,and diet and hormones are the main therapies for eosinophilic gastroenteritis.