Female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a social public health problem that seriously affects women′s quality of life and dignity. There are many factors that affect female SUI, the study of the etiology will play a huge role in the intervention and prevention of SUI. In recent years, with the in-depth research on the course and progress of pelvic floor diseases. The treatment of SUI, which is one of the main disease of pelvic floor dysfunction, is also being continuously improved and standardized, and a large number of clinical explorations and studies have been carried out worldwide. Breakthrough progress has been made in both non-surgical treatment and surgical treatment for SUI, and remarkable achievements have been achieved. At present, there is sufficient evidence of evidence-based medicine to guide and standardize clinical management. Multi-mode and individual surgical treatment options have received good clinical results. Further research on recurrent incontinence further promotes the accurate rationalization of treatment.This paper aims to review the epidemiological characteristics, etiology and treatment of SUI, and to provide a scientific basis for better prevention, intervention and treatment of SUI.