Objective To explore the relationship between hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and dyslipidemia in physical examination population in Nanning.Methods A total of 4 305 subjects who underwent physical examination in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January to December 2018 were selected as the research objects.The levels of Hb concentration,triglyceride (TG),total cholesterol (TC),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were detected.According to the Hb concentration,the physical examination population was divided into low Hb group,normal Hb group and high Hb group.The blood lipid level and incidence of dyslipidemia were compared among the three groups.Results The levels of TG and TC in the high Hb group were higher than those in the normal Hb group and the low Hb group,the levels of TG and TC in the normal Hb group were higher than those in the low Hb group,and the levels of LDL-C in the high Hb group and the normal Hb group were higher than those in the low Hb group,the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the level of HDL-C among the three groups (P＞0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that Hb concentration was positively correlated with TG,TC,LDL-C,and negatively correlated with HDL-C (P＜0.05).The total incidence of dyslipidemia in high Hb group,normal Hb group and low Hb group was 46.0%,34.2% and 28.4%,respectively.The total incidence of dyslipidemia in high Hb group was higher than that in normal Hb group and low Hb group,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.016 7).The incidence of abnormal TG in high Hb group was higher than that in normal Hb group,the incidence of abnormal TC in the high Hb group and the normal Hb group was higher than that in the low Hb group,and the incidence of abnormal LDL-C in the high Hb group was higher than that in the low Hb group,the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.016 7).Conclusion Hb concentration is closely related to the occurrence of dyslipidemia.Active intervention measures should be taken to prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases in the physical examination population with elevated Hb concentration and dyslipidemia.